Multi-Dimensional Separations

A site dedicated to multi-dimensional separations with an emphasis on the liquid phase.
peak peak

Top 30

Overview and Reviews
  1. G. Guiochon, L.A. Beaver, M.F. Gonnord, A.M. Siouffi, M. Zakaria, Theoretical investigation of the potentialities of the use of a multidimensional column in chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A. 255 (1983) 415‐437.
  2. J.C. Giddings, Two‐dimensional separations: concept and promise, Anal. Chem. 56 (1984) 1258A‐1270A.
  3. M.M. Bushey, J.W. Jorgenson, Automated instrumentation for comprehensive two‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography of proteins, Anal. Chem. 62 (1990) 161‐167.
  4. G. Guiochon, N. Marchetti, K. Mriziq, R. Shalliker, Implementations of two‐dimensional liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A. 1189 (2008) 109‐168.
  5. I. François, K. Sandra, P. Sandra, Comprehensive liquid chromatography: Fundamental aspects and practical considerations‐A review, Anal. Chim. Acta. 641 (2009) 14‐31.
  6. H. Malerod, E. Lundanes, T. Greibrokk, Recent advances in on‐line multidimensional liquid chromatography, Anal. Methods. 2 (2010) 110‐122.
  7. P.J. Marriott, P.J. Schoenmakers, Z. Wu, Nomenclature and conventions in comprehensive multidimensional chromatography ‐ An update, LCGC Europe. (2012) 266, 268, 270, 272‐275.

Relevant, Non‐2DLC Background
  1. H. Poppe, Some reflections on speed and efficiency of modern chromatographic methods, Journal of Chromatography A. 778 (1997) 3‐21.
  2. U.D. Neue, Theory of peak capacity in gradient elution, Journal of Chromatography A. 1079 (2005) 153‐161.

Early Theory of 2DLC
  1. R.E. Murphy, M.R. Schure, J.P. Foley, Effect of Sampling Rate on Resolution in Comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Liquid Chromatography, Anal. Chem. 70 (1998) 1585‐1594.
  2. L. Blumberg, F. David, M. Klee, P. Sandra, Comparison of one‐dimensional and comprehensive two‐dimensional separations by gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A. 1188 (2008) 2‐16.
  3. L.M. Blumberg, Accumulating resampling (modulation) in comprehensive two‐dimensional capillary GC (GC‐GC), J. Sep. Sci. 31 (2008) 3358‐3365.

Theory of Optimization 2DLC Performance
  1. K. Horváth, J.N. Fairchild, G. Guiochon, Optimization strategies for off‐line two‐dimensional liquid chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A. 1216 (2009) 2511‐2518.
  2. K. Horváth, J.N. Fairchild, G. Guiochon, Generation and Limitations of Peak Capacity in Online Two‐Dimensional Liquid Chromatography, Anal. Chem. 81 (2009) 3879‐3888.
  3. J.N. Fairchild, K. Horváth, G. Guiochon, Theoretical advantages and drawbacks of on‐line, multidimensional liquid chromatography using multiple columns operated in parallel, Journal of Chromatography A. 1216 (2009) 6210‐6217.
  4. G. Vivó‐Truyols, S. van der Wal, P.J. Schoenmakers, Comprehensive Study on the Optimization of Online Two‐Dimensional Liquid Chromatographic Systems Considering Losses in Theoretical Peak Capacity in First‐ and Second‐Dimensions: A Pareto‐Optimality Approach, Anal. Chem. 82 (2010) 8525‐8536.
  5. K. Horie, H. Kimura, T. Ikegami, A. Iwatsuka, N. Saad, O. Fiehn, et al., Calculating Optimal Modulation Periods to Maximize the Peak Capacity in Two‐Dimensional HPLC, Analytical Chemistry. 79 (2007) 3764‐3770.

Orthogonality and Separation Space Coverage in 2D Separations
  1. J.C. Giddings, Sample dimensionality: A predictor of order‐disorder in component peak distribution in multidimensional separation, Journal of Chromatography A. 703 (1995) 3‐15.
  2. M. Gilar, P. Olivova, A.E. Daly, J.C. Gebler, Orthogonality of Separation in Two‐Dimensional Liquid Chromatography, Anal. Chem. 77 (2005) 6426‐6434.
  3. M.R. Schure, The dimensionality of chromatographic separations, Journal of Chromatography A. 1218 (2011) 293‐302.
  4. M. Gilar, J. Fridrich, M.R. Schure, A. Jaworski, Comparison of Orthogonality Estimation Methods for the Two‐Dimensional Separations of Peptides, Analytical Chemistry. 84 (2012) 8722‐8732.

Second Dimension Separation Modes and Columns
  1. P. Jandera, Column selection for two‐dimensional LC‐C., LCGC North Am. 26 (2008) 72‐80,82.
  2. F. Bedani, W.T. Kok, H.‐G. Janssen, Optimal gradient operation in comprehensive liquid chromatography‐liquid chromatography systems with limited orthogonality, Analytica Chimica Acta. 654 (2009) 77‐84.
  3. P. Jandera, T. Hájek, P. Cesla, Effects of the gradient profile, sample volume and solvent on the separation in very fast gradients, with special attention to the second‐dimension gradient in comprehensive two‐dimensional liquid chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A. 1218 (2011) 1995‐2006.

Peak Detection in 2DLC
  1. S. Peters, G. Vivó‐Truyols, P.J. Marriott, P.J. Schoenmakers, Development of an algorithm for peak detection in comprehensive two‐dimensional chromatography, J. Chromatogr., A. 1156 (2007) 14‐24.
  2. I. Latha, S. Reichenbach, Q. Tao. "Comparative analysis of peak‐detection techniques for comprehensive two‐dimensional chromatography." J. Chromatogr., A, 1218 (2011) 6792‐6798.

Quantitation in 2DLC
  1. S. Reichenbach, X. Tian, Q. Tao, D. Stoll, and P. Carr. "Comprehensive Feature Analysis for Sample Classification with Comprehensive Two‐Dimensional Liquid Chromatography (LCxLC)." Journal of Separation Science, 33 (2010) 1365‐1374.